John Wesley Powell (1834-1902) was an American explorer, hardy Civil War vet (he lost an arm in battle) and professor of geology. He was appointed by President James A. Garfield as second director of the U.S. Geological Survey, and in 1869, led a three-month river trip that included the first official journey through the Grand Canyon, written up in The Exploration of the Colorado River and Its Canyons. He was also the first director of the Bureau of Ethnology at the Smithsonian.
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